For many reasons, water is not a general commodity. One interesting aspect is that ownership of water is unclear if it exists at all. Most water service providers operate as monopolies. This leads to a prizing situation that cannot follow a market situation. Further on, most water utilities, as well as flood protection, wastewater management and other ecosystem protection service providers are public utilities. Several types of public utilities are found, with varying levels of autonomy and types of governance, even in one region. The level of autonomy affects the way in which a utility can operate. A department of a municipality is clearly politically governed, while a company wholly or majority-owned by the public sector has a less pronounced political control.

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